Required Course Textbooks

1.   Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Margaret J. Ferhrenbach, Susan W. Herring; Saunders Publishing Co., 4^th Edition.

2.   Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy,  Margaret J Ferhrenbach, Tracey Popowics; Elsevier Saunders Publishing Co., 4^th Edition.

3.   Dental Anatomy Coloring Book, Margaret J. Ferhrenbach, Elsevier Saunders Publishing Co., 2^nd Edition.

Recommended Course Resource

1.   Any dental hygiene national board review book or card set.  Examples are Mosby’s or Saunders comprehensive review books and dental hygiene review card decks.

Course Supply List

1. Library Card for AC and/or city library
2. Index cards, Scantron Forms (form 882-E: for 100 questions – 50 question

   Student Performance

   End-of-Course Outcomes

   Identify the histological and embryological development of the orofacial structures; locate the major structures of the head and neck; and compare and contrast various teeth including the crown and root morphology.

   Course Overview

   DHYG1301 is a class in which the dental hygiene student learns the anatomy of the structures of the head and neck region.  This course will include a study of the embryological formations and the histological foundations of each of the structures.  Also included is an extensive study of the structure and anatomy of each tooth in the human dentition.  Unit Objectives will be distributed at the beginning of each unit of study.  Unit objectives will coordinate with the materials presented in lecture, handouts, reading assignments, quizzes, and examinations.   

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   Course Objectives

   Book:  Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Margaret J Ferhrenbach, Tracey Popowics; Elsevier Saunders Publishing Co., 4^th Edition.

   Chapter 1:  Face and Neck Regions

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Locate and identify the regions and associated surface landmarks of the face and neck on a diagram and on a patient.
   3. Integrate the clinical considerations for the surface anatomy of the face into patient examination and care.
   4. Locate and identify the regions and associated surface landmarks of the neck on a diagram and a patient.

   Integrate the study of surface anatomy of the neck into patient examination and care.

   Chapter 2:Oral Cavity and Pharynx

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Locate and identify the divisions and associated surface landmarks of the oral cavity on a diagram and on a patient. 
   3. Integrate the clinical considerations for the surface anatomy of the oral cavity into patient examination and care.
   4. Outline the divisions of the pharynx and identify them on a diagram.
   5. Integrate the study of surface anatomy of the visible divisions of the pharynx into patient examination and care.

   Chapter 3:  Overview of Prenatal Development

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Outline the preimplantation period, including the major events that occur during this first week of prenatal development.

   3.   Integrate a study of the preimplantation period of prenatal development into the development of the orofacial structures and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances associated with these structures.

   4.   Outline the second week of prenatal development during the embryonic period, including the major events that occur.

   5.   Outline the third week of prenatal development during the embryonic period, including the major events that occur.

   6.   Outline the fourth week of prenatal development during the embryonic period, including the major events that occur.

   7.   Integrate the study of the embryonic period of prenatal development into orofacial development and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances associated with these structures.

   8.   Outline the fetal period of prenatal development, including the major events that occur after the fourth week until birth within this period.

   9.   Integrate the study of the fetal period of prenatal development into orofacial development and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances associated with these structures.

   10. Identify the structures present during prenatal development on a diagram.

   Chapter 4:  Development of the Face and Neck

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Outline the events that occur during palatal development, describing each step of its formation.
   3. Integrate the study of palatal development into understanding the present structure and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances involved in palatal development.
   4. Identify the structures present during palatal development on a diagram.
   5. Outline the events that occur during nasal cavity and nasal septum development.
   6. Integrate the study of nasal cavity and nasal septum development into understanding the present structure.
   7. Identify the structures present during nasal cavity and nasal septum development on a diagram.
   8. Outline the events that occur during the tongue development, describing each step of its formation.
   9. Integrate the study of tongue development into understanding the present structure and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances involved in tongue development.
   10. Identify the structures present during tongue development on a diagram.

   Chapter 5:  Development of Orofacial Stuctures

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Outline the events that occur during palatal development, describing each step of its formation.

   3.   Integrate the study of palatal development into understanding the present structure and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances involved in palatal development.

   4.   Identify the structures present during palatal development on a diagram.

   5.   Outline the events that occur during nasal cavity and nasal septum development.

   6.   Integrate the study of nasal cavity and nasal septum development into understanding the present structure.

   7.   Identify the structures present during nasal cavity and nasal septum development on a diagram.

   8.   Outline the events that occur during the tongue development, describing each step of its formation.

   9.   Integrate the study of tongue development into understanding the present structure and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances involved in tongue development.

   10. Identify the structures present during tongue development on a diagram.

   Chapter 6:  Tooth Development and Eruption

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Outline the five stages of tooth development.
   3. Integrate the study of tooth development into understanding the present tooth anatomy and the clinical considerations due to developmental disturbances. 

   Chapter 7:  Overview of the Cell

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Discuss cell properties and components, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and inclusions.

   3.   Identify the components of the cell on a diagram.

   4.   Outline the cell cycle, describing the phases of mitosis that are involved.

   5.   Describe the extracellular materials surrounding the cell and its intercellular junctions

   6.   Integrate the study of cell anatomy into the further study of dental histology.

   Chapter 8:  Basic Tissues

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Discuss basic tissue properties.

   3.   Describe epithelium properties, including its histology, classification, regeneration, and repair.

   4.   Describe basement membrane properties, including its histology.

   5.   Integrate the study of the histology of both epithelium and the basement membrane into the further study of dental histology.

   6.   Discuss connective tissue properties, including its histology, classification, turnover, and repair.

   Chapter 9:  Oral Mucosa

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   List and describe the types of oral mucosa, characterizing each type of epithelium associated with the oral cavity.

   3.   Discuss the clinical considerations for oral mucosa pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   4.   Identify the components of each type of oral mucosa on a diagram.

   5.   List and discuss the clinical correlations associated with the regional differences in the oral mucosa, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 10:  Gingival and Dentogingival Junctional Tissues

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   List and describe each type of gingival tissue.

   3.   Describe the histologic features of each type of gingival tissue and the clinical considerations for gingival tissue esthetics, integrating it into patient care.

   4.   Identify the components of each type of gingival tissue on a diagram.

   5.   Describe dentogingival junctional properties, histology, and development.

   6.   Identify the structure of the dentogingival junctional tissue on a diagram.

   7.   Discuss the clinical considerations for gingival tissue pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   8.   Discuss turnover of the dentogingival junctional tissue and its clinical implications.

   Chapter 11:Head and Neck Structures

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Discuss gland properties.

   3.   Discuss salivary gland properties, including its histologic features and development, as well as the clinical considerations concerning salivary gland pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   4.   Discuss thyroid gland properties, including its histologic features and development, as well as the clinical considerations concerning thyroid gland pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 12:  Enamel

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Describe the enamel properties and the clinical considerations concerned with enamel structure, integrating it into patient care.

   3.   Discuss the processes involved in the apposition and maturation stages of enamel, as well as the clinical considerations concerned with enamel for­mation and pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   4.   Discuss the histology of enamel and the clinical considerations for dental procedures concerning enamel, integrating it into patient care.

         5.   Identify the components of the enamel on a diagram.

   Chapter 13:  Dentin and Pulp

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Discuss the dentin-pulp complex.

   3.   Describe the properties of dentin and the clinical consideration for dentin structure, integrating it into patient care.

   4.   Describe the processes involved in the stages of apposition and the maturation of dentin.

   5.   Outline the types of dentin and discuss the clinical considerations for dentin pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   6.   Discuss the histology of dentin.

   Chapter 14:  Periodontium: Cementum, Alveolar Bone, and the Periodontal Ligament

   1.   Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.

   2.   Give an overview of periodontium properties, including its components.

   3.   Identify each individual component of the periodon­tium on a diagram.

   4.   Discuss cementum properties and the clinical con­siderations with cementum structure, integrating it into patient care.

   5    Discuss cementum development, histology, types, and repair as well as the clinical considerations for cementum pathology, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 15:  Overview of the Dentitions

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Describe the two dentitions and the relationship to each other.
   3. Recognize tooth types and outline the tooth numbering systems.
   4. Assign the correct universal or international number for a tooth and its correct dentition period on a diagram or a skull and for a tooth model or a patient.
   5. Define each dentition period and discuss the clinical considerations concerning each dentition period, integrating it into patient care.
   6. Use the correct dental anatomy terminology and discuss the clinical considerations concerning tooth anatomy, integrating it into patient care.
   7. Use the correct orientational tooth terms and discuss the clinical considerations concerning tooth surfaces, integrating it into patient care.
   8. Identify tooth forms and discuss the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 16:  Permanent Anterior Teeth

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Identify the permanent anterior teeth and discuss their properties and the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.
   3. Identify the permanent incisors and their general features and discuss their clinical considerations, integrating it into patient care.
   4. Describe the general and specific features of the permanent maxillary incisors and discuss the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.
   5. Describe the general and specific features of the permanent mandibular incisors and discuss the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 17:  Permanent Posterior Teeth

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Identify the permanent posterior teeth and discuss their properties and the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.
   3. Identify the permanent premolars and their general features and discuss their clinical considerations, integrating it into patient care.
   4. Describe the general and specific features of the permanent maxillary premolars and discuss the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.
   5. Describe the general and specific features of the permanent mandibular premolars and discuss the clinical considerations concerning them, integrating it into patient care.

   Chapter 18:  Primary Dentition

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Discuss primary teeth properties and the clinical considerations for primary dentition, integrating it into patient care.
   3. Describe the general features of primary teeth and each primary tooth type as well as the specific features of each primary tooth.
   4. Discuss the clinical considerations concerning primary molars, integrating it into patient care.
   5. Assign the correct name and universal number for each primary tooth on a diagram and a patient.
   6. Demonstrate the correct location of each primary tooth on a diagram and a patient.

   Chapter 19:  Temporomandibular Joint

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Describe the histology of each component of the temporomandibular joint and how it relates to its clinical features.
   3. Outline the movements of the temporomandibular joint as well as demonstrating them on a skull, a dentition model, and a patient.
   4. Discuss the clinical considerations for joint pathology and temporomandibular joint disorders, integrating it into patient care.
   5. Locate and identify the specific anatomic landmarks of the temporomandibular joint on a diagram, a skull, and a patient.

   Chapter 20:  Occlusion

   1. Define and pronounce the key terms in this chapter.
   2. Discuss occlusion and centric occlusion and its relationship to functional movements and patterns of the mandible.
   3. Discuss arch form and the phases of arch development.
   4. Describe dental curvatures and angulations.
   5. Discuss centric relation, lateral and protrusive occlusions, and the mandibular rest position and how to achieve each of them on a skull, a dentition model, and a patient.
   6. Demonstrate the movements of the mandible related to occlusion.
   7. Discuss primary occlusion and the clinical considerations concerning it, integrating it into patient care.
   8. Identify the key concepts of occlusion on a diagram, a dentition model, and a patient.
    

   Book: Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Margaret J. Ferhrenbach, Susan W. Herring; Saunders Publishing Co., 4^th Edition

   Chapter 1: Introduction to Head and Neck Anatomy

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Discuss the clinical applications of the study of head and neck anatomy by dental professionals.
   3. Discuss normal anatomical variation and how it applies to head and neck structures.
   4. Apply the correct anatomical nomenclature during dental clinical procedures.

   Chapter 2: Surface Anatomy  

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Discuss how the surface anatomy of the face and neck may impact dental clinical procedures.
   3. Locate and identify the regions and associated surface landmarks of the head and neck on a diagram and a patient.
   4. Integrate an understanding of surface anatomy into the clinical practice of dental procedures.

   Chapter 3: Skeletal System

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Locate and identify the bones of the head and neck and their landmarks on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   3. Describe in detail the landmarks of the maxilla and mandible.
   4. Discuss the skeleton system pathology associated with the head and neck.
   5. Integrate an understanding of the skeletal system into the overall study of the head and neck anatomy and clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 4: Muscular System          

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Locate and identify the muscles of the head and neck on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   3. Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of each muscle of the head and neck.
   4. Discuss the processes of mastication, speech, and swallowing with regard to anatomical considerations involving the muscles.
   5. Discuss the pathology associated with the muscles of the head and neck.
   6. Integrate and understanding of the muscles of the head and neck into the clinical dental practice.

    Chapter 5: Temporomandibular Joint       

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Locate and identify the specific anatomical landmarks of the temporomandibular joint on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   3. Describe the movements of the temporomandibular joint and their relationship with the muscles in the head and neck region.
   4. Discuss temporomandibular joint pathology and related patient care.
   5. Integrate an understanding of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint into clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 6: Vascular System

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

        2.   Identify and trace the routes of the blood vessels of the head and neck on a diagram,     skull, and patient.

        3.   Discuss the vascular system pathology associated with the head and neck region.

        4.   Integrate an understanding of the head and neck blood supply into clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 7: Glandular Tissue

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

   2.   Locate and identify the glands and associated structures in the head and neck on a diagram, skull, and patient.

   3.   Discuss the glandular pathology associated with the head and neck.

   4.   Integrate an undersatnding of the head and neck glands during clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 8: Nervous System

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

   2.   Describe the components of the nervous system and outline the actions of nerves.

   3.  Discuss the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

   4.   Identify and trace the routes of the cranial nerves on a diagram and skull.

   5.   Discuss the innervation of each of the cranial nerves.

   6.   Identify and trace the routes of the nerves to the oral cavity and associated structures of the head and neck on a diagram, skull, and patient.

   7.   Describe the tissues innervated by each of the nerves of the head and neck.

   9.   Discuss the nervous system pathology associated with the head and neck region.

   10. Integrate an understanding of head and neck nerves into clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 9: Anatomy of Local Anesthesia

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

   2.   List the tissues andstructures anesthetized by each type of injection and describe the target areas.

   3.   Locate and identify the anatomical structures used to determine the local anesthetic needle’s penetration site for each type of injection on a skull and a patient.

   4.   Demonstrate the correct placement of the local anesthetic needle for each type of injection on a skull and a patient.

   5.   Identify the tissues penetrated by the local anesthetic needle for each type of injection.

   6.   Discuss the symptoms and complications of local anesthesia of the oral cavity associated with anatomical considerations for each type of injection.

   7.   Integrate an understanding of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve and associated tissue into the administration of local anesthesia in clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 10: Lymphatic System

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

   2.   List and discuss the lymphatic system and its components.

   3.   Locate and identify the lymph nodes of the head and neck on a diagram and patient.

       4.   Locate and identify the tonsils of the head and neck on a diagram and patient.

       5.   Identify the lymphatic drainage patterns for the head and neck.

       6.   Describe and discuss pathology of the lymphoid tissue associated with the head and neck.

       7.   Integrate an understanding of the head and neck lymphatic system into clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 11: Fascia and Spaces

   1    Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.

   2. Locate and identify the fasciae of the head and neck on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   3. Locate and identify the major spaces of the head and neck on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   4. Discuss the communication between the major spaces of the head and neck.
   5. Integrate an understanding of fasciae and spaces into the overall study of the head and neck antatomy as well as a clinical dental practice.

   Chapter 12: Spread of Dental Infection

   1. Define and pronounce all the key terms and anatomical terms in this chapter.
   2. Discuss the spread of odontogenic infection to the sinuses and by the vascular system, lymphatic system, and spaces in the head and neck region.
   3. Trace the routes of odontogenic infection in the head and neck region on a diagram, skull, and patient.
   4. Discuss the complications that can occur with the spread of odontogenic infection in the head and neck region.
   5. Discuss the prevention of the spread of odontogenic infection during patient care.
   6. Integrate an understanding of the anatomic considerations for the spread of odontogenic infection into clinical dental practice.

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   Crest-Oral B - dentalcare.com Assignments:

   Below is a list of the DentalCare.com Continuing Education courses that have been assigned for this course.  The name of the course will serve as hyperlink to the course. You will need to register on the website to enable you to take the exam at the end of your reading and studying the course content.  As you complete the course, please print a copy of the certificate to be turned in for a grade record.  Also, please print a copy of the certificate to be placed into your personal file of records for documentation of Continuing Education. Please refer to the course calendar for dates that discussions will pertain to these courses. Students will be expected to participate in the class discussions on these topics.

   * Please Note:  These assignments account for 5% of your final grade. 

   Objectives for dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course Assignments:

   Introduction to Dental Anatomy - Course 104

   1. List by name and number the different teeth located in the human dentition.
   2. Define the function of each type of tooth.
   3. Identify where each type of tooth is located in the mouth.
   4. Identify the four parts of a tooth.

   Dental Anatomy: A Review - Course 421

   1. Identify and describe the appearance of the normal anatomic structures of the face and oral cavity.
   2. Identify and describe the following: types of teeth and their functions, the divisions of a tooth, the tissues

   of a tooth, the surfaces of a tooth, and the anatomical landmarks of teeth.

   1. Discuss the importance of occlusion and describe the classifications of occlusion.
   2. Describe the two dentitions and the types of teeth in each dentition.
   3. Discuss the importance of the primary teeth.
   4. Identify and describe the components of the periodontium, and discuss the importance of the periodontium.

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